現階段(duan)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)車床電主(zhu)軸通(tong)常選用變頻調速的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，具體有通(tong)常變頻驅動和(he)操(cao)(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)、矢量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制驅動器的(de)(de)驅動和(he)操(cao)(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)直接轉(zhuan)矩操(cao)(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)幾種(zhong)操(cao)(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)法(fa)。

任丘(qiu)數控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)是最近幾年(nian)在數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)領域出(chu)現的將機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)與主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)融為(wei)一體(ti)的新技術。高(gao)速數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)傳動(dong)系統(tong)取消了帶(dai)輪(lun)傳動(dong)和齒輪(lun)傳動(dong)。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)由內裝式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)直接(jie)驅動(dong)，從(cong)而把(ba)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)傳動(dong)鏈的長度(du)縮短為(wei)零，實(shi)現了機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的“零傳動(dong)”。這種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)與機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)“合二為(wei)一”的傳動(dong)結(jie)(jie)構形(xing)式(shi)，使主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)部件從(cong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的傳動(dong)系統(tong)和整(zheng)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構中相(xiang)對獨立出(chu)來(lai)，因(yin)此可做成(cheng)“主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱“電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)”。

數控車床(chuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)在數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)領域出現的將機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)融為一(yi)體的新(xin)技術(shu)，它(ta)與(yu)直(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)技術(shu)、高速(su)刀(dao)具技術(shu)一(yi)起，把(ba)高速(su)加工(gong)推向一(yi)個新(xin)時(shi)代。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)一(yi)套組件(jian)，它(ta)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)本身及其(qi)附件(jian)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、高頻變頻裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、油霧潤滑(hua)器、冷(leng)卻裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、內置編碼器、換刀(dao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的轉子直(zhi)接作為機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元的殼(ke)體就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)座，并且(qie)配合其(qi)他零部件(jian)，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)與(yu)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的一(yi)體化。

目前(qian)，隨著電(dian)氣傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技術(shu)(變頻調(diao)速技術(shu)、電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)矢量控(kong)(kong)制技術(shu)等)的(de)迅速發展和(he)日趨完善，高速數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械結(jie)構已得到(dao)極大(da)的(de)簡化，基(ji)本上取消了帶輪傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)齒輪傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)內裝(zhuang)式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)直接(jie)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而把(ba)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)長度縮短為零(ling)，實現了機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)“零(ling)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。這種主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)與機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“合二為一”的(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構形(xing)式(shi)，使(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部件從機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)和(he)整體結(jie)構中相對獨立(li)出來，因此可做成“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱“電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)于(yu)當前(qian)電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要采用的(de)是(shi)交流高頻電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，故也稱為“高頻主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)于(yu)沒有中間(jian)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)節，有時又稱它(ta)為“直接(jie)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。

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