客戶在面自己的數控機床(chuang)系統、電機驅(qu)動器(qi)、變頻(pin)器(qi)等配套產品因平(ping)常不注意維護保養及產品使用年限過長，導致故障問題頻(pin)頻(pin)出現，時常為沒找(zhao)到專業的數控機床(chuang)改造維護廠家(jia)而煩惱(nao)。

一、數(shu)控銑床(chuang)(chuang)進行日常維護、摔(shuai)跟頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是延(yan)長元器件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)；延(yan)長機械(xie)部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更換周期，防止(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)意外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡性事故(gu)；使機床(chuang)(chuang)始終保(bao)持良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)，并保(bao)持長時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定工作(zuo)。不同型號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)控銑床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常保(bao)養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容和(he)要求不xx一樣，機床(chuang)(chuang)說明書中已有明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，總結以下幾點(dian)：

(1)保(bao)持(chi)良(liang)好的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)狀態(tai)，定期檢查，清洗自動潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)系(xi)統，添加(jia)或更換油脂、油液(ye)，使絲杠導軌等和中運動部件始終良(liang)好的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)狀態(tai)，以降低機械的(de)磨(mo)損速(su)度。

(2)進行框框精(jing)度的檢(jian)查調(diao)整，以減少各運(yun)動部件之間的開關和(he)位(wei)置偏差(cha)，包括換也系統、工作臺交換系統、絲杠、反(fan)向間出沒無常等(deng)的檢(jian)查調(diao)整。

(3)經常(chang)清(qing)掃衛(wei)生(sheng)。如果機訂周圍環境(jing)太臟、粉(fen)塵太多(duo)，均會影響(xiang)機床(chuang)的正常(chang) 運行 ；電路析(xi)上太臟，可能產生(sheng)短路現象；油水過濾(lv)器、xx過濾(lv)網等 太臟，會發生(sheng)壓力(li)不夠、散(san)熱(re)不好，造成故障，所以必須定其進行衛(wei)生(sheng)清(qing)掃。

二、對于數控系統的維修：

1、定期檢(jian)查和更換直流(liu)電動機電刷。

直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷的(de)(de)過度磨損將會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)性能(neng)，甚至造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)損壞。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)，應對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷進(jin)行(xing)定其檢查(cha)和更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)。數控銑 床(chuang)、加(jia)工(gong)中心等 ，就在第(di)年檢查(cha)一(yi)(yi)次。如(ru)果(guo)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷，要(yao)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)空運行(xing)跑合(he)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間，以使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷表(biao)(biao)面(mian)與(yu)換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器表(biao)(biao)面(mian)吻合(he)良(liang)好，檢查(cha)周期(qi)隨機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)使(shi)用頻(pin)繁度而不(bu)同，一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)每半年或(huo)一(yi)(yi)年檢查(cha)一(yi)(yi)次。定期(qi)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)存儲(chu)器用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。存儲(chu)器如(ru)采用CMOS RAM器件，為(wei)(wei)了在數控系(xi)統不(bu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)其間能(neng)保持(chi)存儲(chu)的(de)(de)內容，內問(wen)高有可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，在正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，由(you)+5V源(yuan)以一(yi)(yi)個二極管向(xiang)CMOS RAM假(jia)借電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并對可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當諱(hui)莫如(ru)深斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時，則改為(wei)(wei)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)維護CMOS RAM內的(de)(de)信息。在一(yi)(yi)肌情效忠下，即(ji)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)尚(shang)末失效，也應每年更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)一(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以便 胡保系(xi)統能(neng)正常 工(gong)作。另外，一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)應在數控系(xi)統供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下進(jin)行(xing)，這樣(yang)才不(bu)會造成存儲(chu)參數丟(diu)失。一(yi)(yi)量參數丟(diu)失，在調換(huan)(huan)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)后，可將參數重機(ji)(ji)(ji)關報輸入。

2、數控系統(tong)長期(qi)不用(yong)時(shi)的維護

為(wei)提(ti)高數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)和減少數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)應滿負荷使用(yong)(yong)，而(er)不要長(chang)期(qi)(qi)閑置不用(yong)(yong)。由(you)于某種原因造成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)閑置不用(yong)(yong)時，為(wei)了避免(mian)(mian)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)損壞，要注意以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)點：(1)要以(yi)(yi)常給(gei)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，特別(bie)是在(zai)環境溫度較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)梅雨更應如(ru)此。(2)在(zai)機床(chuang)鎖住不動(dong)（伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機不轉(zhuan)）的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)，讓數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)空運行 ，利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)零(ling)件(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)熱(re)來驅(qu)散數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內的(de)(de)(de)潮氣。保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)性能穩定(ding)可靠。實踐證明，在(zai)空氣溫度較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)，經常 通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是降低(di)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)有效措施。如(ru)果數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)進給(gei)軸和主(zhu)軸采用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機來驅(qu)動(dong)時，應將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷從直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機中取出，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)(mian)由(you)于化學腐蝕(shi)作用(yong)(yong)，使換(huan)向器(qi)腐蝕(shi)，造成(cheng)換(huan)向性能變壞。甚(shen)至使整臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機損壞。

3、備(bei)用電路板的(de)依據維(wei)護。

印(yin)制電路(lu)板長期(qi)不用容(rong)易出故障，因此對所購的務(wu)用定期(qi)裝(zhuang)到(dao)數控系統中(zhong)通(tong)電運行(xing)一段時(shi)間，以(yi)防損壞。    

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