CNC是一種由(you)程(cheng)序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的自(zi)動化車(che)(che)床(chuang)。該(gai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統能夠邏輯地處理具有控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)編碼或其他符號指令規(gui)定的程(cheng)序(xu)，通過計(ji)算(suan)機將其譯(yi)碼，從而(er)使車(che)(che)床(chuang)執行規(gui)定好(hao)了的動作，通過刀具切削將毛坯料加工成(cheng)半(ban)成(cheng)品成(cheng)品零件

cnc數控車床進(jin)行加工(gong)(gong)，首(shou)先必須將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的幾何數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)和(he)工(gong)(gong)藝數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)等加工(gong)(gong)信息(xi)按規定的代碼(ma)和(he)格式編制(zhi)成數(shu)(shu)控加工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序，并用適當的方法將(jiang)加工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)數(shu)(shu)控系統(tong)。數(shu)(shu)控系統(tong)對輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)的加工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序進(jin)行數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)各(ge)種信息(xi)和(he)指令，控制(zhi)車(che)床各(ge)部分按規定有序地(di)動(dong)作(zuo)。cnc數(shu)(shu)控車(che)床的運行處于不斷地(di)計算、輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)、反饋等控制(zhi)過程(cheng)中，從(cong)而保證(zheng)刀具和(he)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之(zhi)間相對位置的準(zhun)確性。

cnc數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由(you)加工(gong)程序載(zai)體(ti)(ti)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)、伺(si)服系統、車床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和其(qi)他輔助裝置(zhi)構成(cheng)。其(qi)中，加工(gong)程序載(zai)體(ti)(ti)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于完成(cheng)操作的(de)(de)自動化，無(wu)需人工(gong)進行操作;數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)是(shi)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)zui核心的(de)(de)部分，包括輸入(ru)、處(chu)理和輸出三個基(ji)本模(mo)塊，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)采用(yong)計(ji)算機數(shu)控(kong)(kong)系統來以軟件的(de)(de)形(xing)式實(shi)現數(shu)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng);伺(si)服系統主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于接(jie)收數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)發出的(de)(de)指令，并經(jing)功(gong)(gong)率放(fang)大、整形(xing)處(chu)理后轉換成(cheng)車床(chuang)執行部件的(de)(de)直線(xian)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)或(huo)角(jiao)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)運(yun)動;車床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)指的(de)(de)是(shi)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)的(de)(de)機械主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，用(yong)來完成(cheng)各種切削加工(gong)的(de)(de)操作。

cnc數(shu)控車床(chuang)加工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，CNC程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)分為主(zhu)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)及(ji)副(fu)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)（子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)），凡是(shi)重復加工(gong)的部分，可(ke)(ke)用副(fu)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)編(bian)寫，以簡(jian)化主(zhu)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)的設計。字(zi)元（數(shu)值資料）字(zi)語單節加工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)。只要(yao)打(da)開Windows操作系統里的記事本就可(ke)(ke)編(bian)輯CNC碼，寫好的CNC程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)則(ze)可(ke)(ke)用模(mo)擬軟件(jian)來模(mo)擬刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)路徑(jing)的正(zheng)確(que)性(xing)。基本機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)指令所謂(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)指令是(shi)由位址碼（英(ying)文字(zi)母）及(ji)兩個數(shu)字(zi)所組(zu)成，具(ju)有某(mou)種意義的動作或功能(neng)，可(ke)(ke)分為七大類，即G機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)，準備機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)，M機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)輔助機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)，T機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)S機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)主(zhu)軸轉速機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)F機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)進給(gei)率機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)，N機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)單節編(bian)號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)H/D機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)補(bu)正(zheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)。

cnc數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)床是(shi)指(zhi)可(ke)以透(tou)過(guo)(guo)事(shi)先(xian)編輯的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)進(jin)行自動(dong)(dong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)床。目(mu)前大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)床為計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)車(che)床，由(you)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)扮演整合控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)角色。在現代的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高度依賴計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)造等軟件。計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)造軟件解析設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)模(mo)型并計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)令(ling)，透(tou)過(guo)(guo)后(hou)處理(li)器將移(yi)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)令(ling)及其他加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需使(shi)用到的(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)指(zhi)令(ling)轉換成數(shu)(shu)(shu)值控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以讀(du)取的(de)(de)(de)格式(shi)，之(zhi)后(hou)將后(hou)處理(li)器產生的(de)(de)(de)檔案載入計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)車(che)床中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。將程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令(ling)輸入數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)內(nei)存后(hou)，經由(you)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)編譯計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)，透(tou)過(guo)(guo)位移(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，將資訊傳至(zhi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器以驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)馬達之(zhi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，來切削(xue)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)零件。       //taomeizhuang.cn